Principle of Electrostatic Discharge Protection (ESD) in Clean Rooms
In today's high-tech industries, such as electronics, semiconductors, and pharmaceuticals, the environmental quality of clean rooms is of vital importance. And the issue of static electricity, as a potential risk factor, can have a serious impact on product quality and the production process. Guangzhou Cleanroom Construction Co., Ltd., as a professional manufacturer of purification equipment, will now provide you with an in-depth interpretation of the principle of electrostatic discharge protection (ESD) in clean rooms.
Generation of Static Electricity
In clean rooms, static electricity can be generated in various ways. Human activities are one of the common sources of static electricity. For example, when people walk, operate equipment, or put on or take off work clothes, the friction between the body and clothes, the floor and other objects can cause charge separation and accumulation, thus generating static electricity. In addition, the operation of equipment can also cause static electricity. For instance, the friction between high-speed rotating mechanical parts and the electric field induction of electrical equipment can lead to static electricity. Even the friction between the air flow and the surface of objects, as well as the mutual friction of raw materials during handling and processing, may result in the generation of static electricity.
Hazards of Static Electricity to Clean Rooms
For the electronics and semiconductor industries, static electricity may cause breakdown and damage to electronic components, resulting in a decline in product performance or even complete failure. During the chip manufacturing process, a tiny electrostatic discharge may damage the precise circuit structure inside the chip, rendering the entire chip useless and bringing huge economic losses to enterprises. In the pharmaceutical industry, static electricity may adsorb dust and microorganisms, contaminating pharmaceuticals and affecting their quality and safety. Meanwhile, static electricity may also trigger dangerous situations such as fires or explosions. Especially in clean rooms where flammable and explosive substances are present, the energy generated by electrostatic discharge is sufficient to ignite these substances, endangering the lives and property of personnel.
Principle of Electrostatic Discharge Protection (ESD)
Grounding
Grounding is one of the most basic and effective methods for eliminating static electricity. By connecting equipment, workbenches, personnel, etc. to the earth, the accumulated charges can be quickly drained away, thus avoiding the accumulation and discharge of static electricity. In clean rooms, a special anti-static grounding system is usually laid to ensure that all objects that may generate static electricity can be reliably grounded. For example, the shells of equipment on the electronics production line and operating tools should be connected to the grounding electrode through grounding wires to release electrostatic charges to the earth in a timely manner, maintaining the potential on the surface of objects at zero and preventing static electricity from damaging electronic components.
Electrostatic Neutralization
When static electricity cannot be completely eliminated by grounding, electrostatic neutralization technology comes into play. This method uses electrostatic eliminators to generate ions with the opposite polarity to that of the charged object, so that the electrostatic charges are neutralized. Electrostatic eliminators ionize the air through a high-voltage power supply, generating a large number of positive and negative ions. These ions will actively adsorb onto the object with static electricity and offset the charges on the object, thereby achieving the purpose of eliminating static electricity. In some clean room areas with extremely high sensitivity to static electricity, such as chip packaging workshops, multiple electrostatic eliminators will be installed to ensure that the ion concentration in the air can neutralize the generated static electricity in a timely manner and protect products from electrostatic hazards.
Humidity Control
Properly increasing the humidity in clean rooms can effectively reduce the generation of static electricity. This is because in a high-humidity environment, a thin layer of water molecules will be adsorbed on the surface of objects. Water molecules are conductive and can make it easier for charges to conduct and leak on the surface of objects, thus reducing the accumulation of static electricity. Generally speaking, it is more appropriate to control the relative humidity in clean rooms between 40% and 60%. However, it should be noted that the control of humidity also needs to be adjusted according to specific production processes and product requirements, because excessive humidity may have an adverse impact on some products or equipment, such as causing rust on metal parts and affecting the performance of electronic equipment.
Use of Anti-Static Materials
In clean rooms, selecting anti-static materials to make equipment, tools, work clothes, and packaging materials can reduce the generation of static electricity at the source. Anti-static materials have good electrical conductivity or electrostatic dissipation properties, enabling charges to conduct and release rapidly within the materials and avoid charge accumulation. For example, anti-static work clothes are made of fabrics containing conductive fibers. When people wear these work clothes and move around, the electrostatic charges generated can be quickly drained away through the conductive fibers, preventing static electricity from affecting the surrounding environment and products. Similarly, anti-static workbench mats, turnover boxes, etc. also reduce the risk of static electricity generation by using special anti-static materials.
In conclusion, understanding the principle of electrostatic discharge protection (ESD) in clean rooms and taking effective electrostatic protection measures are crucial for ensuring product quality, improving production efficiency, and ensuring the safety of personnel and equipment. Guangzhou Cleanroom Construction Co., Ltd., with its professional technology and rich experience, can provide a full range of electrostatic protection solutions for various clean rooms, helping enterprises create a safe, stable, and efficient production environment.
If you are interested in electrostatic protection in clean rooms or other issues related to purification equipment, please feel free to contact us. We will serve you wholeheartedly!
Daily Monitoring and Standards of Clean Compressed Air in Pharmaceutical Clean Rooms
In the pharmaceutical industry, clean compressed air, as a crucial process gas, directly affects the quality and safety of pharmaceuticals. As a professional manufacturer of purification equipment, Guangzhou Cleanroom Construction Co., Ltd. fully understands its importance. Today, we will introduce in detail the daily monitoring and standards of clean compressed air in pharmaceutical clean rooms.
Why Is Strict Monitoring of Clean Compressed Air Necessary?
During the pharmaceutical manufacturing process, compressed air is widely used in multiple aspects such as material transportation, equipment driving, and fermentation cultivation. If the compressed air contains impurities like dust particles, microorganisms, moisture, and oil, it may contaminate pharmaceuticals, affecting their purity, stability, and effectiveness. In severe cases, it may even lead to substandard pharmaceutical products and endanger the health of patients. Therefore, daily monitoring of clean compressed air is an essential measure to ensure that pharmaceutical production complies with regulations and quality requirements.
Key Parameters for Daily Monitoring
Particle Counting: This is one of the important indicators for measuring the cleanliness of compressed air. Through professional dust particle counters, the number of particles within different particle size ranges can be detected. Usually, attention is paid to the number of particles with particle sizes such as 0.1μm, 0.2μm, 0.5μm, 1.0μm, and 5.0μm. Different areas in pharmaceutical clean rooms have strict limitations on particle counting according to their cleanliness level requirements. For example, in the Grade A clean area, the allowable number of tiny particles is extremely low, which requires that the particle count of the compressed air must be maintained at an extremely low level to prevent particles from contaminating the pharmaceutical production process.
Microbial Content: Microbial contamination is a significant risk in pharmaceutical production. Microorganisms in compressed air may come from the air source, inside the compression system, or the pipeline system. By using appropriate microbial samplers and culturing methods, the number of bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms in the compressed air can be detected. Pharmaceutical workshops usually require that the microbial content in compressed air meets strict standards, generally measured by the number of colony-forming units (CFU) per cubic meter of air, ensuring that it is within a safe range to prevent microorganisms from breeding and spreading during the pharmaceutical production process and thus affecting the quality of pharmaceuticals.
Moisture Content: Moisture in compressed air may cause pipeline corrosion, microorganism growth, and may also have an adverse impact on pharmaceutical quality in certain pharmaceutical processes. Commonly used moisture detection methods include dew point meter for measuring dew point temperature and electrolysis method for measuring moisture content. According to different process requirements, the moisture content of compressed air needs to be controlled within a certain range. For example, in some freeze-drying processes that are sensitive to moisture, the dew point requirement for compressed air is extremely strict, and it must be ensured that its dryness meets the process standard.
Oil Content: Lubricating oil may be brought into the compressed air from the compressor. If not controlled, oil droplets may contaminate pharmaceuticals or affect the normal operation of production equipment. By using oil mist detectors and other equipment, the oil content in compressed air can be monitored. Pharmaceutical workshops generally require that the oil content in compressed air is extremely low, even reaching an oil-free level standard, to avoid potential hazards to pharmaceuticals and the production process.
Monitoring Frequency and Methods
Monitoring Frequency: For key production areas and high-risk process links, such as the filling area of sterile pharmaceuticals, high-frequency monitoring is usually required, and tests may need to be carried out daily or per shift. For some relatively low-risk areas or auxiliary production links, the monitoring frequency can be appropriately reduced, but it should also be tested at least once a week or once a month to ensure the continuous stability of the compressed air quality.
Monitoring Methods:
Online Monitoring: Utilize various sensors installed on the pipelines of the compressed air system, such as particle counters, dew point meters, and oil mist detectors, to monitor the quality parameters of the compressed air in real-time and transmit the data to the control system for recording and analysis. This method can promptly detect abnormal fluctuations in air quality and facilitate quick measures for adjustment and correction.
Offline Detection: Regularly collect compressed air samples and send them to the laboratory for more comprehensive and accurate analysis and testing, including microbial culturing and chemical analysis. Offline detection can serve as a supplement to online monitoring, conduct a more in-depth assessment and verification of the compressed air quality, and also help calibrate and maintain online monitoring equipment.
Standards and Regulatory Requirements to Comply With
The pharmaceutical industry is strictly regulated by laws and regulations, and the quality of clean compressed air must comply with relevant international, national, and industry standards. For example, the ISO 8573 international standard provides detailed classifications and regulations on the contents of impurities such as particles, moisture, and oil in compressed air. The "Good Manufacturing Practice for Pharmaceutical Products (GMP)" in China also clearly defines the quality requirements for compressed air in pharmaceutical clean rooms. Each pharmaceutical enterprise must establish a complete compressed air quality management system based on these standards and regulations to ensure that the compressed air used in its production process continuously meets the specified quality standards, safeguarding the quality and safety of pharmaceuticals from the source.
In conclusion, the daily monitoring and standards of clean compressed air in pharmaceutical clean rooms are an indispensable part of the pharmaceutical production process. Only by strictly monitoring and controlling according to the standards and ensuring the high quality of the compressed air can a safe, stable, and clean environment be provided for pharmaceutical production, guaranteeing the quality and efficacy of pharmaceuticals and safeguarding public health. Guangzhou Cleanroom Construction Co., Ltd. is committed to providing advanced purification equipment and professional technical support for pharmaceutical enterprises, helping them meet the quality requirements of clean compressed air and facilitating the high-quality development of the pharmaceutical industry.
If you have any questions or needs regarding the purification equipment or compressed air treatment in pharmaceutical clean rooms, please feel free to contact us.
Several Air Treatment Methods in Purification Air Conditioning Systems
In the field of purification, the air treatment methods in air conditioning systems are of vital importance. They are directly related to the air quality and environmental stability of workshops, laboratories and other places, and further affect the production processes and product quality. Today, as a professional manufacturer of purification equipment, Guangzhou Cleanroom Construction Co., Ltd., will introduce several common air treatment methods in purification air conditioning systems in detail for you.
I. Mixed Air Treatment
Mixed air treatment is a relatively basic and commonly used method. It mixes outdoor fresh air and indoor return air in a certain proportion and then conducts unified treatment. This method makes full use of the cooling and heating capacities of the return air and reduces the energy consumption of the system. For example, in some places where the requirements for temperature and humidity are not particularly strict but there are certain requirements for air cleanliness, such as general electronic assembly workshops, by reasonably adjusting the proportion of fresh air and return air, both air quality can be ensured and energy cost can be saved. The fresh air brings in fresh oxygen and dilutes indoor pollutants, while the return air recovers part of the energy. After mixing, the air undergoes treatment steps such as filtration, heating or cooling to reach a suitable state before being sent into the room.
II. All-Air Constant Air Volume Air Treatment
In an all-air constant air volume system, the air handling unit continuously delivers the treated air to the room at a fixed air volume. Its advantage lies in its ability to provide a stable air distribution and temperature and humidity environment. It is suitable for places with high requirements for environmental control and large spaces, such as the clean production areas of pharmaceutical factories. The air handling unit will conduct strict filtration on the air to remove impurities such as dust and microorganisms, and then accurately adjust the temperature and humidity to ensure that the air quality in the entire area is uniform and meets high standards. However, this method is relatively energy-consuming, and it is necessary to reasonably select models and conduct operation management according to actual needs to achieve a balance between energy conservation and environmental control.
III. All-Air Variable Air Volume Air Treatment
Different from the constant air volume system, the all-air variable air volume air treatment can dynamically adjust the supply air volume according to the actual load requirements in the room. When there are fewer people moving around or the heat generation of equipment changes, the supply air volume can be reduced, thus reducing energy consumption. For example, in the purification areas of modern office buildings, the number of people and the usage of equipment vary in different time periods, and the variable air volume system can adapt well to such changes. Through sensors installed indoors to sense parameters such as temperature, humidity and carbon dioxide concentration, feedback is given to the control system, which then adjusts the rotation speed and air volume of the fan while ensuring the air purification effect, achieving significant energy-saving effects while meeting environmental requirements.
IV. Air-Water System Air Treatment
The air-water system combines the advantages of air treatment and water systems. It usually uses cold water or hot water provided by a chiller to treat the air. Through terminal equipment such as fan coil units, local temperature adjustment of indoor air is carried out, while fresh air is treated by an independent fresh air handling unit and then sent into the room. This method is widely used in some places where there are both comfort requirements and purification needs, such as the surrounding areas of operating rooms in hospitals. The fresh air handling unit ensures air quality, and the fan coil units meet the personalized temperature requirements of local areas. Moreover, the water system has a large heat capacity, which can make temperature adjustment more stable and accurate, and also has certain energy-saving advantages.
V. Dedicated Outdoor Air System with Fan Coil Units Air Treatment
In this system, fresh air is treated by a dedicated outdoor air unit and then directly sent into the room, and the fan coil units are responsible for the circulation and temperature adjustment of indoor air. The outdoor air unit undertakes all the tasks of fresh air treatment, including filtration, humidification, dehumidification, heating and cooling, etc., ensuring that the fresh air sent into the room is of high quality. The fan coil units flexibly adjust the indoor temperature according to the needs of indoor personnel. The two cooperate with each other and are suitable for places with high requirements for both indoor air quality and comfort, such as the purified guest rooms of high-end hotels. The advantage of this system is that the temperature of each room can be independently controlled, with high flexibility, and the outdoor air unit ensures the overall air purification effect.
Different air treatment methods have their own characteristics and applicable scenarios. In the actual design and application of purification air conditioning systems, it is necessary to comprehensively consider various factors such as the functional requirements of the place, the size of the area, the density of personnel, the heat generation of equipment and the energy cost, and choose the most suitable air treatment method. Guangzhou Cleanroom Construction Co., Ltd. has rich experience and a professional technical team, and is able to customize the optimal purification air conditioning system solutions according to the specific needs of customers to create a high-quality purification environment for you.
If you are interested in the air treatment methods of purification air conditioning systems or other issues related to purification equipment, please feel free to contact us. We will serve you wholeheartedly!
What Are MAU, AHU, RCU, DDC, FCU, DHU, PAU and FFU in a Cleanroom?
Introduction to Cleanroom Air Control Systems
Modern cleanrooms require precise environmental control for industries like pharmaceuticals, electronics, and food production. Key systems like MAU (Make-up Air Unit), RCU (Room Control Unit), FCU (Fan Coil Unit), and PAU (Pre-Cooling/Pre-Heating Air Unit) work together to maintain optimal air quality, temperature, and humidity.
This guide explains their functions, benefits, and applications—helping you choose the right system for your cleanroom needs.
1. MAU (Make-up Air Unit) – Fresh Air Supply & Filtration
Key Functions:
✔ Filters outdoor air (removes dust, pollen, bacteria)
✔ Regulates temperature & humidity for cleanroom standards
✔ Ensures stable air supply for personnel comfort
Why It’s Important?
Critical for pharmaceuticals, electronics, and food industries where air purity is mandatory.
Reduces contamination risks by supplying pre-treated fresh air.
Works with other HVAC systems (AHU, FCU) for energy-efficient climate control.
2. RCU (Room Control Unit) – Precision Environmental Monitoring
Key Functions:
✔ Monitors temperature, humidity & pressure in real-time
✔ Automatically adjusts AHU/FCU settings for optimal conditions
✔ Alerts for faults & logs data for maintenance
Why It’s Important?
Essential for pharma labs, semiconductor plants, and hospitals needing strict climate control.
Enables remote adjustments for multi-room cleanrooms.
Improves energy efficiency by preventing overcooling/heating.
3. FCU (Fan Coil Unit) – Localized Temperature Control
Key Functions:
✔ Heats/cools air via water-circulating coils
✔ Filters indoor air (removes dust & particles)
✔ Compact & customizable for small cleanrooms
Why It’s Important?
Ideal for labs, hospitals, and server rooms needing zone-specific climate control.
Energy-saving compared to central HVAC systems.
Easy to install & maintain.
4. PAU (Pre-Cooling/Pre-Heating Air Unit) – Energy Efficiency Booster
Key Functions:
✔ Pre-cools air in summer, reducing AC load
✔ Pre-heats air in winter, cutting heating costs
✔ Stabilizes temperature before air enters MAU/AHU
Why It’s Important?
Lowers energy costs by reducing HVAC workload.
Extends equipment lifespan by preventing extreme temperature fluctuations.
Used in large cleanrooms, data centers, and manufacturing plants.
How These Systems Work Together
System
Role
Key Benefit
MAU
Supplies & filters fresh air
Ensures clean air intake
RCU
Monitors & adjusts room conditions
Precision climate control
FCU
Local heating/cooling
Zone-specific temperature
PAU
Pre-treats outdoor air
Energy savings
These systems create a stable, clean, and energy-efficient environment for high-tech industries.
Need a Custom Cleanroom Solution?
Guangzhou Cleanroom Construction Co., Ltd. specializes in MAU, RCU, FCU, PAU, and other cleanroom equipment.
✅ Expert design & installation
✅ Energy-efficient systems
✅ Compliance with ISO/GMP standards
Ductless Fume Hood: The Innovative Choice for Laboratory Purification
In modern laboratory environments, the fume hood is a crucial piece of equipment that ensures the safety of laboratory personnel and the accuracy of experimental results. As a professional manufacturer of purification equipment, Guangzhou Cleanroom Construction Co., Ltd. presents you with a ductless fume hood that leads the industry trend. With its outstanding performance and innovative design, it will bring a brand-new experience to your laboratory work.
High-Efficient Purification Technology to Protect Laboratory Air
Our ductless fume hood adopts advanced air purification technology and is equipped with a highly efficient filtration system. Through multi-layer composite filters, it can effectively capture and remove pollutants such as harmful gases, chemical fumes, and dust particles generated during the experiment, ensuring that the exhausted air meets a high standard of cleanliness. Whether dealing with volatile organic compounds (VOCs) or coping with corrosive gases like acids and alkalis, it can perform excellently, creating a fresh and healthy working environment for the laboratory and keeping laboratory personnel away from potential health hazards so that they can focus on scientific research and exploration.
Innovative Ductless Design for Flexible and Convenient Installation
Compared with traditional fume hoods, the biggest advantage of the ductless fume hood lies in its elimination of the need for a complex duct system connection. This innovative design not only saves valuable space in the laboratory but also avoids numerous inconveniences and potential leakage risks brought by duct installation. Whether it's the layout planning of a newly built laboratory or the equipment upgrade and renovation of an existing one, the ductless fume hood can be easily adapted. Its flexible and convenient installation method offers you more choices and possibilities, significantly shortening the installation period and reducing installation costs, enabling your laboratory to be put into use more quickly and improving work efficiency.
Intelligent Control System for Precise Control of the Experimental Environment
The ductless fume hood of Guangzhou Cleanroom Construction Co., Ltd. is equipped with an intelligent control system, providing laboratory personnel with a convenient and precise operation experience. Through the touch screen display, users can easily set and adjust parameters such as wind speed, air volume, and lighting brightness of the fume hood, and monitor key information such as the service life of the filters and air quality in real time. The intelligent system also has an automatic alarm function. When it detects abnormal operation of the fume hood or excessive air quality standards, it will promptly issue an alarm to remind users to handle the situation, ensuring that the experimental process is always in a safe and controllable state and effectively avoiding safety accidents caused by equipment failures or improper operations.
Ergonomic Design to Improve the Comfort of Experiments
During the design process, we have fully considered ergonomic factors and are committed to creating a comfortable and convenient operating space for laboratory personnel. The height of the operating table of the fume hood is moderate, conforming to the habits of standing and operating, effectively reducing the fatigue caused by long hours of work. The reasonably arranged control panel and storage area make it convenient for laboratory personnel to operate and store commonly used tools and reagents at hand, improving work efficiency. In addition, the lighting system inside the fume hood adopts glare-free and high-brightness LED lights, providing sufficient and uniform light for experimental operations, ensuring that experimental details are clearly visible and further enhancing the accuracy and safety of the experiment.
High-Quality Material Selection and Exquisite Craftsmanship to Build Outstanding Quality
To ensure the long-term stable operation and excellent performance of the ductless fume hood, we have strict control over material selection and manufacturing processes. The cabinet body is made of high-quality fireproof and corrosion-resistant materials, which can withstand the erosion of various chemical reagents in the laboratory and the test of high-temperature environments, guaranteeing the service life and safety of the equipment. Each component has undergone fine processing and strict inspection to ensure its reliable quality and stable performance. From the welding process to surface treatment, from the installation of filters to the wiring of the electrical system, every detail embodies our persistent pursuit of quality, allowing you to use it with peace of mind.
The ductless fume hood of Guangzhou Cleanroom Construction Co., Ltd., with its high-efficient purification technology, innovative design concept, intelligent control system, and outstanding quality guarantee, has become the ideal choice for modern laboratory purification equipment. We will continue to uphold the concepts of professionalism, innovation, and quality first, continuously research and develop and improve our products, and provide more high-quality and reliable purification solutions for laboratories around the world, helping to promote the vigorous development of the scientific research cause. Choosing Guangzhou Cleanroom Construction Co., Ltd. means choosing safety, high efficiency, and innovation. Let's work together to open a new chapter in laboratory purification.